Publications and Results

Research Highlights

The OWIN6G project explores technologies supporting the next generation of wireless sensor networks and 6G communications. Research activities span optical wireless communication, smart sensing, energy-efficient systems, and intelligent network architectures.

The highlights below present selected research outputs documented in OWIN6G publications and public deliverables. Detailed scientific publications and public deliverables are available further down this page.

Optical Sensor Prototypes

The OWIN6G project has documented the development of two sensor prototypes: a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensor array and a patch sensor. These outputs contribute to the project’s research on sensing technologies for future wireless sensor networks.

Related deliverables: D1.1 – Prototype for FBG sensor array; D1.2 – Prototype of Patch sensor.

Energy-Efficient Sensor Network Solutions

OWIN6G has produced research outputs addressing energy-efficient IoT systems and power supply solutions for sensor networks. Public deliverables include an optimised energy-efficient IoT concept and a solar panel and battery unit.

Related deliverables: D2.1 – Optimized energy-efficient IoT concept; D1.3 – Solar panel and battery unit.

Network Communication and Protocol Design

The project has reported results on communication models and medium access control (MAC) protocol designs for future wireless sensor networks. Related scientific publications investigate MAC protocols for optical wireless body-area networks.

Related deliverables: D2.2 – Final PLC models for preferable deployment scenarios of future WSNs; D2.3 – OWIN6G MAC protocol designs.

Papers

2026

F. Matias, M. Rego, A.F. Usmani, M. Figueiredo, L.N. Alves, Optical Camera Communication as a Complementary Technology for Internet of Things: Architectures, Applications and Future Perspectives, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
J. Neto, M. Rego, A.F. Usmani, E. Ventura, L.N.Alves, Comparative Analysis of PWM and FM-Based Modulation Techniques for Sensor Data Transmission in Optical Camera Communications, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
A. Pouralizadeh, M. Hinrichs, D. Goodson, K. Lennert Bober, C. Kottke, R. Freund, V. Jungnickel, A. Tonello, 1 Gbit/s LiFi over Powerline using VCSEL Arrays, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
R. Zamorano-Illanes, H. Ma, K. Eollos-Jarosikova, Q. Wu, S. Zvánovec, Z. Ghassemlooy, N. Hernandez-Yanez, I. Soto, Integrated Sensing and Communications Using a Plastic Optical Fibre on a Robotic Arm, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
J. Solis, R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, Q. Wu, X. Li, S. Zvanovec, H. Le Minh, “Analysis of Positioning Performance Degradation Under Receiver Model Mismatch in PV-Based VLP,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
L.M. Giraldo, J. Perez, R. Garcia, A. Pouralizadeh, V. Jungnickel, F. Rau and C. Herranz, “A SDN-Based Access Control Framework for Powerline Communications Networks”, In 2026, the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. DOI
A. Pouralizadeh, D. Goodson, V. Jungnickel, L.M. Giraldo, J.P. Soler. Performance Evaluation of Fischer− Huber Bitloading Algorithm for LiFi Over PLC. 2026 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS) DOI
A. Suárez, J. Pérez-Soler, R. García-Olcina, A. Menéndez, P.A. Martínez, R. Herráiz, A. Amaro, V. Solera, L.M. Giraldo, D. Ibáñez, J. López, D. Esperante, J. Martos, J. Soret, J. Torres. Multi-Year Evaluation and Enhancement of a Questionnaire-Based Assessment Approach in Engineering Laboratory Instruction. IEEE Ibero-American Journal of Learning Technologies, 2026. DOI
A.F. Usmani, R. Zamorano-Illanes, Q. Wu, P. Fonseca, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, L. Alves (2026, July). “Real-Time PWM Recovery in Rolling Shutter OCC Using Header-Based Packet Detection: An Experimental Study”. In 2026, the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. DOI
S. K. Modalavalasa, C. Guerra Yanez, S. R. Teli, L. M. Giraldo, J. P. Soler, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, (2026, July). “Digital twin orchestrated software defined networks for handling denial of service attacks in IoT applications”. In 2026, the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. DOI
H. Ma, C. Shi, W. Yang, Y. Zhang, Y. Yao, M. Zhang, Z. Ghassemlooy, M. Wang, J. Yuan, R. Fu, Z. Tian, L. Zhang, Y. Shen, Q. Wu, “Cascaded FBG Ultra-High Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Envelope-Free Vernier Technology,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
L. Martínez, M. Romero, F. Amarfil, N. Hernandez-Yanez, R. Zamorano-Illanes, I. Soto, Q. Wu, “SPR-TFBG Fibre-Optic Sensor for Nitrite Detection: Simulation and Wavelength-Shift Quantification,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
N. Morales-Perez, I. Soto, R. Zamorano-Illanes, D. Zabala-Blanco, “A Hybrid VLC-IR Optical Wireless Architecture with Load Balancing for NLoS Tunnels,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
I. Silva, I. Soto, P. Palacios Játiva, R. Zamorano-Illanes, “Robust Wavelet-First Preprocessing for IM/DD-OOK under Drift and Impulsive Transients,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
J. Vocilka, D.-N. Nguyen, J. Bohata, C. Guerra-Yánez, S. K. Modalavalasa, J. Radil, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, “Scintillation Analysis of a 400-Gb/s Coherent FSO Feeder-Link for GEO Satellite Downlink-Like Transmission,” IEEE Communications Letters, 2026, published online 3 August 2026. DOI
S. M. Mana, A. Pouralizadeh, V. Jungnickel, S. Marwaha, E. A. Jorswieck, R. Strobel, “MU-MIMO for LiFi: Performance Analysis Based on IEEE Std 802.11,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
N. Hernandez-Yanez, R. Zamorano-Illanes, C. Carreno, Q. Wu, N. Krommenacker, I. Soto, Z. Ghassemlooy, “Marker-Based Alignment for a Plastic Optical Fibre-Based Visible Light Communication Link in Robotics,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
A. Pouralizadeh, M. J. Bode, G. Boniello, M. Hinrichs, C. Kottke, S. Cwalina, R. Freund, V. Jungnickel, “Imaging APD Receiver for Multi-Gbit/s Optical Wireless Communication with Angular Diversity,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), Los Angeles, United States, paper Tu2H.5, 2026. DOI
Y. Shen, H. Xia, H. Ma, A. Faruq, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, Z. Ghassemlooy, B. Cai, Y. Semenova, Q. Wu, “A Robust Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator Platform for Refractive Index Sensing,” IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026. DOI
R. Dobretsov, V. R. Anand, Z. Wang, Y. Shen, Z. Wang, A. Rout, R. H. Jibon, Y. Semenova, “Strain-enabled tuning of whispering gallery modes in a polymer capillary microresonator,” Results in Optics, vol. 24, article 101062, 2026. DOI
A. Aslanidis, T. Kamalakis, S. Zvanovec, R. Zamorano-Illanes, and Z. Ghassemlooy, Area-Efficient Design and Optimization of Dual-Function Photovoltaic Receivers for Indoor Optical IoT Networks, Optical Engineering, 2026 DOI
A. Aslanidis, C. Giachoudis, T. Kamalakis, Pyenlight: A Library for Modeling Communication and Energy Harvesting of Hybrid Optical Wireless /Radio-Frequency Indoor Networks, IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, 2026 DOI
F. Rau, P. Georgieva, C. Herranz, I. Val and J. Perez, "Incremental Learning in Network Traffic Management: A Fixed-Representation Rehearsal Approach", In 2026, the IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. DOI
C. Giachoudis, Khalighi, M. A., Zvanovec, S. (2026, July). ”Low-Complexity Line Coding for Baseline Wander Mitigation in OOK-Based Optical WBANs”. In 2026 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. DOI
S. K. Modalavalasa, R. Zamorano-Illanes, C. Guerra Yanez, S. Rajendra Teli, Z. Ghassemlooy and S. Zvanovec, "Optical Wireless Communication-Based Vehicular Fleet Management Case Analogy With Digital Twin IoT Middleware," in IEEE Access, vol. 14, pp. 10384-10394, 2026. DOI
Giachoudis, C., Khalighi, M. A., Zvanovec, S., Papanikolaou, V. K., Tegos, S. A., & Karagiannidis, G. K. (2026). MAC Protocol Design for Optical Wireless Body‐Area Networks: Latency, Energy Efficiency and Scalability Analysis. IET Networks, 15(1), e70023. DOI
Y. Shen, Z. Wang , V. R Anand , Z. Wang , R.H. Jibon , A.Rout , B. Cai , Q. Wu , Y. Semenova, "Two-dimensional Force Sensing Whisker Based on a WGM Microbubble Resonator," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 2521-2527, 1 April 2026 DOI

2025

A. Muñoz-Torres, I. Soto, R. Zamorano-Illanes, D. Zabala-Blanco, C. Azurdia, M. Ijaz, “YOLOv12-Enhanced Drone Detection with Parametric Analysis of LED-Based Indoor Positioning System,” IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), Antigua, Guatemala, 2025. DOI
A. Muñoz-Torres, I. Soto, R. Zamorano-Illanes, D. Zabala-Blanco, C. Azurdia, Z. Ghassemlooy, M. Ijaz, “Integration of Optical Wireless Positioning and Deep Learning-Based Drone Detection,” South American Conference on Visible Light Communications (SACVLC), La Paz, Bolivia, pp. 1–6, 2025. DOI
J. Solís, I. Sánchez, C. Azurdia-Meza, P. Palacios Játiva, D. Zabala-Blanco, A. Dehghan Firoozabadi, “Line-of-Sight Probability Analysis of Underground Mining Visible Light Communication Diversity Schemes Under Random Receiver Orientation,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 9, article 2890, 2025. DOI
R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, Q. Wu, X. Li, J. Solis-Torrejon, I. Soto, S. Zvanovec, “A Two Colour M-PAM Optical Camera Communication System for Near-Field Robotic Applications,” South American Conference on Visible Light Communications (SACVLC), La Paz, Bolivia, pp. 1–6, 2025. DOI
N. Amini, A. Gholami, E. Bagheri, N. S. Kordavani, Z. Ghassemlooy, R. Zamorano-Illanes, “Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Ambient Light Effect in Indoor NIR-OCC Systems,” International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, pp. 1–5, 2025. DOI
M. Hinrichs, G. Boniello, A. Pouralizadeh, C. Kottke, R. Freund, V. Jungnickel, “11.5 Gbit/s Transmission Using a 660 mW LiFi Transmitter,” European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), Copenhagen, Denmark, 2025. DOI
Y. Semenova, Z. Wang, Y. Shen, “Novel Fiber Micro- and Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Sensors and Photonic Devices,” 25th Anniversary International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Barcelona, Spain, 2025. DOI
A. Pouralizadeh, K. L. Bober, V. Jungnickel, A. Tonello, “Throughput and Capacity Analysis of LiFi-over-Powerline,” The 33rd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications, and Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2025), Split, Croatia, September 2025. DOI
R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, Q. Wu, X. Li, S.R. Teli, C. Guerra-Yánez, S. Zvanovec, “Analysis of Segmentation Techniques for Space Multiplexing in a Rolling Shutter Optical Camera Communication”, The 33rd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications, and Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2025), Split, Croatia, September 2025. DOI
A. Aslanidis, T. Kamalakis, S. Zvanovec, R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, “Performance Analysis and Modeling of an Indoor IoT-Oriented Energy Harvesting Optical Wireless Sensor Network”, The 33rd International Conference on Software, Telecommunications, and Computer Networks (SoftCOM 2025), Split, Croatia, September 2025. DOI
J. Solis, Q. Wu. Z. Ghassemlooy, X. Li, “An Adaptive Fractionally-spaced Post-equaliser for Photovoltaic-based VLC,” 2025 South American Conference On Visible Light Communications (SACVLC), La Paz, Bolivia, 2025 DOI
L.M. Giraldo, A.F. Usmani, J. Perez, L.N. Alves, R. Garcia-Olcina, P. Fonseca. Application Controller Approach with Embedded Systems for a Sensoring System. 2025 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 2025. DOI
A. F. Usmani, M. Rêgo, S. R. Teli, S. Zvánovec, L. N. Alves and P. Fonseca, "On the Usage of Pulse-Width Modulation for Sensing Data Transmission Supported on Optical Camera Communication," 2025 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 2025, pp. 1-6. DOI
A. Aslanidis, T. Kamalakis, S. Zvanovec, “Analysis of a Visible Light Communication/Radio Frequency Sensor Network”, 8th International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom), Athens, Greece, June, 2025. DOI
Y. Shen, R. Zamorano-Illanes, H. Ma, B. Cai, Q. Wu, Z. Ghassemlooy, Y. Semenova, “Dynamic Refractive Index Sensing Using a Tapered U-Shaped Fiber and an Interrogator with Real-Time Spectral Waterfall Visualization”, SoftCOM, Split, Croatia, 2025. DOI
S. K. Modalavalasa, C. Guerra-Yánez, S. R. Teli, C. Giachoudis, S. Zvanovec, T. Kamalakis, Z. Ghassemlooy, "Towards the Development of Digital Twins for OWC Networks," 2025 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 2025, pp. 1-6. DOI
F. Rau, L. M. Giraldo, C. Herranz, J. Perez, I. Val and R. Garcia, "Implementing a Traffic Classifier on Embedded SoC Systems with Deep Learning Processor Unit," 2025 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 2025. DOI
F. Rau, C. Herranz, I. Val and J. Perez, "LSTM-Based Traffic Prediction for 5G Mobile Network Operator," 2025 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, 2025. DOI
R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, X. Li, O. Younus, S. Zvánovec, I. Soto, “ Time Span of an Image Frame Using a CMOS Sensor in Rolling Shutter-Based Optical Camera Communications.” IET Optoelectronics: e70022, 2025. DOI
A. Pouralizadeh, S. Maravanchery Mana, K. Lennert Bober, V. Jungnickel, A. Tonello, C. Giachoudis, A. Khalighi, “Characterization of LiFi-over-Powerline Channels for Industrial Internet-of-Things Applications”, WFCS conference, Rostock, Germany, 2025. DOI
E. Niarchou, A.F. Usmani, V. Matus, J. Rabadan, V. Guerra, L.N. Alves, R. Perez-Jimenez, (2025), CNN-Based Human Detection and Identification in Indoor Optical Camera Communication Systems Using a Wearable LED Strip. IET Optoelectron, 19: e70005. DOI
A. Aslanidis, T. Kamalakis, S. Zvanovec, R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, "Modeling of an energy harvesting hybrid radio frequency optical wireless sensor network," Appl. Opt. 64, 6348-6358 (2025) DOI
Z. Wang, Y. Shen, Z. Wang, A. Rout, R. H. Jibon, V. R. Anand, F. Wei, M. Rebow, Q. Wu, Y. Semenova, "Microfluidic flowmeter using a PDMS-coated capillary," 29th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-29), Porto, Portugal, May, 2025. DOI
Y. Shen, Z. Wang, Anand. V. R., Z. Wang, R. H. Jibon, A. Rout, B. Cai, Q. Wu, Y. Semenova, “Two-dimensional Force Sensing Whisker Based on WGM Microbubble Resonator”, 29th International Conference On Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-29), Porto, Portugal, May, 2025. DOI
Y. Shen, Z. Wang, Anand. V. R., Z. Wang, R. H. Jibon, A. Rout, B. Cai, Q. Wu, Y. Semenova, “Enhanced Force Sensing Utilizing a Glass-Supported WGM Microbubble Resonator”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 5989-5995, 2025. DOI
L.M. Giraldo, J. Perez Soler, C. Botella-Mascarell, V. Girbes Juan, S. R. Varea, J. Martos Torres, and R. Garcia Olcina. 2025. VLC positioning in low data rate for V2V communication. In Proceedings of the 12th Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems (EATIS 2024). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 6, 1–7. DOI

2024

V. Matus, A.F. Usmani, M. Figueiredo, P. Fonseca, S. Zvanovec, R. Perez-Jimenez, L. Nero Alves, “Experimental Demonstration of a Self-Clocking Pulse-Amplitude Modulation for Optical Camera Communication in Artificial Ambient Light”, 7th International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom), Ljubljana, Slovenia, June, 2024. DOI
V. Matus, A.F. Usmani, M. Figueiredo, P. Fonseca, S. Zvanovec, R. Perez-Jimenez, L.N. Alves, "Self-Clocking Constant-Power Multi-level Scheme for Optical Camera Communication" 2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Rome, Italy, 2024, DOI
R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, O. Younus, X. Li, S. Zvanovec, I. Soto, S. Gutierrez, ‘Impact of the CMOS Pixel Clock on Optical Camera Communication Using Rolling Shutter Mode’, in 2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP) (CSNDSP 2024), Rome, Italy, July, 2024. DOI
L.M. Giraldo, J. Perez, C. Botella, R. Garcia, S. Roger, V. Girbes, J. Sansaloni, "Deployment of Visible Light Positioning techniques at low data rate for V2V industrial communications",2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Rome, Italy, 2024. DOI
S.R.Teli, V.Matus, S.K.Modalavalasa, R.Perez-Jimenez, Z.Ghassemlooy and S.Zvanovec, "SNR analysis for non-line-of-sight MIMO optical camera communications" 2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Rome, Italy, 2024. DOI
S.K. Modalavalasa, A.F. Usmani, A. Pouralizadeh, C. Giachoudis, L.M. Giraldo, R. Zamorano-Illanes, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, V. Jungnickel, A. Khalighi, L. Nero Alves, J. Perez Soler, P. Fonseca, "Evolution of OWC: A Collaborative Contour Across Various Sectors," in 2024 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP 2024), 2024. DOI
C. Giachoudis, M.-A. Khalighi, S. Zvanovec, V. K. Papanikolaou, S. A. Tegos, G. K. Karagiannidis, “Investigation of Suitable MAC Protocols for Optical Wireless Body-Area Networks,” Proc. 14th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing – CSNDSP 2024, July 2024, Rome, Italy. DOI
C. Giachoudis, V. K. Papanikolaou, K.G. Rallis, M.-A. Khalighi, S. A. Tegos, Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis, Robert Schober, George K. Karagiannidis, "On the Application of Slotted ALOHA in Optical Wireless Body Area Networks,”, 7th International Balkan Conference on Communications and Networking (BalkanCom), Ljubljana, Slovenia, June, 2024. DOI